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激素紊亂也會出現避孕效果嗎？

出處：網絡收集 日期：2024-07-03 10:04:06 編輯：秩名

性激素對于一個想要孩子的女性來說，真是非常重要！這些激素有規律的變化和精確的配合，促成每月一次的排卵，使懷孕成為可能。
 
女性進入育齡期，會出現每月一次的月經現象，月經周期的調節牽涉到下丘腦、垂體、卵巢及子宮。子宮內膜之所以有周期性的變化，是因為它受卵巢激素的影響、卵巢功能受垂體控制，而垂體的活動又受下丘腦的調節、下丘腦又接受大腦皮層的支配。
 
通常將下丘腦—垂體—卵巢合稱為女性的性腺軸。一旦建立起這條穩定的性腺軸，在它協調一致的作用下，其分泌的性激素將女性的月經周期區分成3個明晰可辨的不同區間：卵泡期、排卵期和黃體期。
 

◎ 卵泡期

 
在月經期的初始階段，也就是來例假的時候，下丘腦會發出一個信號給垂體，讓垂體分泌兩種促性腺激素：FSH和LH。FSH 作用于卵巢，啟動卵巢中一個或者幾個卵泡的發育。女性的卵巢中儲藏著與生俱來的無數個卵細胞，但是通常處在休眠狀態，只有在促性腺激素的作用下，才會發育成熟。
 
若沒有促性腺激素的促動，它們就只能長眠不醒了！伴隨著卵泡的發育，雌激素不斷地增加，雌激素是和卵泡一起出現、一起增加的激素，它一方面促使卵泡長大，另一方面和FSH一起在卵泡中誘導出黃體生成素（LH）的受體，為卵子的排出和排出后形成合格的黃體作準備。
 
20毫米左右的卵泡是即將破裂與排出卵子的成熟卵泡。生成成熟卵泡的這段時間稱為卵泡期。在整個卵泡期，起主導作用的是兩個激素——FSH和雌激素，而雌激素是一種從低向高變化著的重要激素！
 

◎ 排卵期

 
卵泡會長大，但是不一定會破裂，卵泡的長大是量變；而卵泡破裂，排出卵子，變成黃體是質變。從量變到質變必須具備一定的條件：首先是雌激素極大地升高，再在雌激素帶動下，FSH和LH同時極大地升高。當這3種激素都同時升高，卵泡才有破裂的可能！
 
所以排卵期的特征是：雌激素、FSH和LH這3種激素差不多同時達到高峰。
 
排卵期是很短暫的，雌激素升到最高峰離排卵日最多3天，FSH和LH升到最高峰離排卵的時間最多2天。這3種激素在最高峰存在的時間短比長好，最好只是一個脈沖。當它們突然從最高位置上降下來的時候，就會發生卵泡破裂、卵子排出的排卵現象！
 

◎ 黃體期

 
卵泡破裂、卵子排出是一個重要事件，形成了月經周期中明顯的分界線，于是整個周期進入了大家熟知的黃體期。在這個時期，由于破裂的卵泡在LH的作用下，生成黃體，黃體分泌孕激素，因此女性體內開始出現較高水平的孕激素。孕激素使子宮內膜形成分泌期的變化，為受精后的孕卵著床作了最充分的準備。
 
月經周期有了分界線，那么分界線前后必定會不一樣！最明顯的不同在于卵泡期是以雌激素為主的，雌激素的變化帶動LH和FSH一起變化；而黃體期是以孕激素為主的，此時雌激素已經退居到次要地位。這就是月經周期激素的變化規律。
 
知道了激素的變化規律有什么用？我們在利用激素調理身體時一定要順勢而為：應該低的時候就讓它低，應該高的時候讓它高；該出現這種激素的時候要幫助它出現，不能出現的時候不要人為地去補充。千萬不要反其道行之，亂用激素，破壞其正常的變化規律！把內分泌搞亂了，這就不是幫助生育，而變成避孕了。
 
許多人不理解，她們在避孕的時候，吃的避孕藥是激素，后來在調理內分泌做人工周期的時候，吃的藥也是激素。幾乎是同一種激素，為什么會起到完全相反的作用呢？其實道理很簡單，同一種激素，使用的時機不一樣，效果就完全不一樣。譬如，在促排的時候，醫生會開些補佳樂（雌激素）給你，讓卵泡加速發育成長；但是，一旦卵子排出，再大量補充這種雌激素，就相當于作為緊急避孕藥使用了！
 
激素類藥品的避孕原理幾乎都是擾亂正常的激素變化規律，長效避孕藥的作用往往是抑制排卵，緊急避孕藥主要是干擾受精卵著床。事實證明，服用長效避孕藥的可靠性比較高，但避孕藥最好不要長時期服用，因為它也有副作用。長期服用避孕藥，有些人會出現“排卵停止綜合征”，“過剩抑制綜合征”或者“閉經-溢乳綜合征”。
 
工具不能長期閑置不用，人體器官更不應該長期處在被抑制的狀態。長期服用避孕藥的婦女，會發現其卵巢受抑制而變小，卵泡小而且沒有黃體，皮質多變為硬化型，這和更年期女性的卵巢外形皮質頗為相似。而且有的人還有惡心、頭暈、頭疼乏力、食欲不振、乳腺脹痛、色素沉著、黃褐斑、白帶增多、下肢疼痛等癥狀，這就是“排卵停止綜合征”或“過剩抑制綜合征”的典型癥狀。如果進行激素檢查，還可發現雌激素、FSH和LH均處在最低水平，這時即使注射促性腺激素釋放激素，LH和FSH也不會出現高峰反應這種狀況，在停止服用避孕藥的一段時間以后才會慢慢消失，卵巢和子宮的萎縮情況才會慢慢好轉。停服避孕藥后，需要過多長時間才能懷孕，這是姐妹們經常提出的問題！醫生們通?；卮鹗牵喊肽暌院?。
 
這樣的答復沒有錯，因為變化了的卵巢恢復到正常需要時間，處于受抑制狀態的下丘腦和垂體恢復到非抑制狀態同樣需要時間，半年時間足夠了！
 
當然大家也不必拘泥于醫生的答復，因為個體差異非常大，你也許并不需要半年時間就已經恢復正常了，那么完全可以放心地提前懷孕！

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