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孕婦營養和胎兒智力 營養胎教“食現”聰明寶貝

出處：媽媽育兒網 日期：2012-02-05 19:19:37 編輯：admin

前3個月是寶寶腦神經細胞激增期，準媽媽要特別注意營養的攝入。

大腦是這樣發育的

孕期的最初 3個月是胎兒大腦發育的關鍵時期，孕期第 4周，由受精卵發育而成的內囊胚開始變為胚胎，并出現三個不同的胚層，將發育成不同的器官、肌肉、皮膚、骨骼等等；第 10周時，腦迅速發育，每分鐘約有 25萬個神經細胞形成；到第 22周時，腦神經基本發育完善，胎兒開始有了感覺和意識。因此，孕期的最初 3個月被稱為腦神經細胞激增期。

胎兒腦組織發育有一個特點，就是腦細胞增殖是“一次性完成的”，錯過這個機會，便再也無法補償。因此，準媽媽在這一時期要保證充足的營養，若營養不良，胎兒的腦細胞分裂增殖就減少，造成腦細胞永久性減少，同時腦細胞的體積增大和髓鞘形成均受到影響，致使智力發生障礙。因此，在胎兒大腦發育的這個階段，準媽媽能攝入充足的營養是生育健康聰明寶寶的前提。

孕婦營養和胎兒智力

多數準媽媽在妊娠早期(孕1 ～ 3 月)會出現惡心、嘔吐、食欲減退、偏食等早孕反應，這樣就會影響營養的攝入，進而影響胎兒智力發育。因此，為了胎寶寶的將來能夠聰明健康，準媽媽應努力進食，可以少吃多餐，想法控制嘔吐，穩定情緒，以多樣化的食物引起食欲，保證營養的平衡。即使是吐了，也要及時補充營養。

一般認為，準媽媽每天大約需要攝取10000 千焦的熱量，并保障一定的蛋白質、脂肪、礦物質和維生素的攝入。準媽媽在飲食上應粗細糧搭配，不必有太多的“忌口”，可以多吃些蛋類、牛奶、魚、肉、動物肝臟、豆制品、海帶、蔬菜、水果等食物。這樣， 既促進了食欲，保證了準媽媽本身的營養需求，又為胎兒大腦的發育提供了物質基礎。 

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